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There are some commercial and industrial buildings that now surpass sixty stories or more. These buildings all require tall cranes to help move the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes which are operated from the rear of trucks or other types that have their own vehicle attached. Tower cranes are the largest types on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures seen as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. When new construction such as skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like shopping center are being built, odds are a crane will be on site.
Kinds
There are two different types of cranes: boom crane or the jib crane. The jib is a metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it lifts items. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both kinds can range from 30 pounds to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The crane's body is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame which is a combination of individual parts. So as to increase the overall height of the machinery, parts are added. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also called. The operator of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
To lift supplies, the crane utilizes a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the boom or jib from a motor located next to the control module. There is a pulley system situated at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when raising heavy supplies.
The hydraulic truck crane is a particular mobile crane that utilizes hydraulic power to raise and move thousands of pounds. Hydraulics utilizes forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the pistons of the boom in opposite directions in order to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are very essential in constructing major projects such as bridges, airports, roadways and buildings. A crane can complete in minutes tasks which will normally take many hours and hundreds of men to accomplish.
The vast machines are usually utilized in the construction of cities, homes, whole nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids within Egypt were probably built with the help of basic cranes to enable the heaviest materials in one of the most amazing construction projects ever.
The first representation of a crane was showcased during King Ramses' reign within Egypt during 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting mechanism that was utilized to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These mechanism were utilized to build an entire country throughout the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were initially made out of wood. The designs of cranes began to change when dockyards began to need stronger and bigger equipments. Hick & Rothwell developed the first cast iron cranes in Bolton, England, in the year 1834. This machinery was capable of lifting up to 2 tons. That same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition allowed cranes to have a bigger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
Ultimately, the wire ropes were weaved together to be able to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added advantage of flexibility. 4 years later, Germany started to make cast iron cranes. The first cast iron crane built by Germany was made in Neuburg.
